Fasting Ramadan, one of the pillars of Islam and its buildings bones, God Almighty said: "O ye who believe! Fasting is also prescribed for those before you, that you may guard (183) days a few, it was of you is ill or on a journey interpretation of the meaning and who Aticonh ransom Poor food it is volunteering good it is good for him and good for you fast on if you know (184) the month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Koran guidance for mankind and clear proofs of guidance and the Criterion you saw it month Vlisamh and was sick or on a journey several of the other days. God wants ease in you, and He does not want hardship in you, let you complete the ordinance, and let God be proud of what He has guided you and cursed you.
And the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Islam is built on five: testifying that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God, establishing prayer, paying zakat, performing pilgrimage to the house, and fasting Ramadan.” Agreed upon, and a Muslim: ((Fasting Ramadan and Hajj to the House)).
And the Muslims have unanimously agreed on the premise of fasting Ramadan, a definite unanimous consensus necessarily of the religion of Islam. Whoever denies its obligation has disbelieved, then he repents and if he repents and orders that it be obligatory. In a place he is buried so that he does not harm people with its smell and harm his family by watching it.
Fasting was imposed in the second year of the Hijra, so the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, fasted for nine years.
The imposition of fasting took place in two stages:
The first stage: the choice between fasting and feeding, with preference for fasting over it
The second stage: the appointment of fasting without the choice. In the two Sahihs on the authority of Salamah Banin al-Akwa, may God be pleased with him, he said: When it was revealed: “And upon those who encircle him a ransom of poor food” would have been the one who wanted to break his fast and redeem it - meaning: an act - after which it was revealed, so that the verse was revealed. God Almighty said: “So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast ۖ And whoever is sick or on a journey, a number of other days” God has enjoined fasting in kind without any choice.
Fasting is not required until the month has begun, so he does not fast before the beginning of the month, because the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: ((None of you lead Ramadan by fasting one or two days unless a man was fasting so he should fast that day)) Narrated by Al-Bukhari.
The entry into the month of Ramadan is ruled by one of two matters:
The first: seeing the crescent because the Almighty said: “Whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it.” And the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: ((If you see the crescent, fast)) Agreed upon.
It is not necessary for everyone to see him by himself, but if someone who confirms his testimony sees the beginning of the month, fasting is required for all, and to accept the testimony of vision is required for the witness to be an adult, rational Muslim, trustworthy of his goodness for his faithfulness and eyesight. The month is not proven by his testimony also because of the hadith of Ibn Abbas, may God be pleased with him, who said: ((A Bedouin came to the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and said: I saw the crescent - meaning Ramadan - and he said: “I bear witness that there is no god but God.” He said: Yes he said: You bear witness that Muhammad Allah's Apostle? ”He said: Yes, he said:“ Oh Bilal, allow people to fast tomorrow. ”It was included by the five except Ahmed.
It is proven that the month of Ramadan has begun, especially with the testimony of one man, according to the saying of Ibn Omar, may God be pleased with him: ((People saw the crescent moon, and I told the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that I saw it and he fasted and ordered people to fast)) Narrated by Abu Dawud and the Governor
The second matter: which governs the entry of the month into the completion of the previous month thirty days before it, because the lunar month cannot be more than thirty days nor less than twenty-nine days, so when the previous month has completed thirty days, it is ruled by Sharia to enter the month that follows it even if it does not see the crescent, to say The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, “Fast to see him and break the fast to see him. If the month is clouded upon you, then count to thirty.” Narrated by Muslim.